TEKLA CHECKER INTERVIEW QUESTIONS-3

1. In addition to the standard K-series open-web steel joists, steel joists are also available in the LH-series and DLH-series. What to the letters LH and DLH signify?      

LH- Long Span

DLH-Deep Long Span

2.what is the seating depth for K,LH  and joist girder?

K-2  1/2" 

LH-5"

JOIST GIRDER-7  1/2"

3.What is the grade for erection bolts?

A307-MACHINE BOLTS.

4.What is a lintel?

 Lintel is a primary structural number placed above doors, windows or other openings to support masonry above.

Generally we will maintain 8" bearing.

5.What is a sag rod?

A tension member used to limit the movement of a girt or purling in the direction of week axis before

installation of sheeting or roofing.

sag rods is generally known as thru rods.

6.What is a sill, jamb ,header?

SILL: The bottom horizontal member of a door or window openings.

JAMB: Vertical side of a  wall opening.

HEADER: Horizontal  member at the top of wall opening.

7.what are the types of weld joints?

8.What are the types of bolting joints?

1.Bearing joint:

In the bearing joint  load will transfer through bolt.

2.slip critical joint.

In slip critical condition ,load will transfer through friction.

9.What are the short slotted hole size for 3/4"Ø and 7/8"Ø bolt?

1.For 3/4"Ø_13x16"X 1".

2.For 7/8"Ø_15/16"X 1 1/8"

10.What are the OSHA requirements for column?

1.Minimum 4 anchor rods required for column base plate.

2.If column length is above 40'-0 then we need to provide splice connection.

   splice connection application should be 4'-0 from finished floor.

3.Safety cable holes to be provided in perimeter columns for safety purpose.

   generally safety cables are 1'-9" from finished floor.

11.What is a galvanization?

The process of adding zinc coating to steel members to avoid corrosion is known as galvanization.

12.Where we need to follow "NO PAINT" condition?

1.At fireproofing

2.field weld areas.

3.slip critical condition (3"no paint around holes")

4.At shear connectors(NO PAINT ON TOP OF TOP FLANGE).

5.Embeded steel.

13.Why gages are standardized?

1.To maintain proper edge distance.

2.To avoid fasteners enter in to k value(ENCHROCHMENT).

14.What is the grade for shear stud connectors?

A108

15.What is a embed plate?

A steel plate cast into concrete structure which is used to transfer loads from girder joists or beam to

concrete beams.

16.What is the height of guard rail and  hand rail from finish floor?

For guard rail:3'-6" from finish floor.

For  hand rail : 2'-10" from finish floor.

17.when cage is to provided or required in ladder?

If the ladder is above 20'-0"height, We need to provide cage in ladder for safety purpose.

Cage will be start from 7'-0  height.

TEKLA INTERVIEW questions test paper-2

 1.What is the difference between steel bar and steel plate

The difference between plate and bar is based upon size and production procedure. Flat stock has

historically been classified as a bar if it is less than or equal to 8 in. wide, and as a plate if it is

greater than 8 in. wide. See the AISC LRFD Manual of Steel Construction, third ed., page 1-9 for

discussion

2.Is it acceptable to galvanize ASTM F1554 anchor rod?

Yes. ASTM F 1554 anchor rods can be galvanized and the requirements for the protective

coating are stated in that ASTM F1554 Standard

3.Explain About DTI Washer?

DTI means “direct tension indicator,”a deformation-calibrated washer used for the installation

of high-strength bolts.

4.Explain About Beveled Washer & It’s condition ?

Beveled washers are used to compensate for a lack of parallelism between the outer faces of a

bolted joint as is found in such cases as a joint involving the flange of an American standard beam

(S-shape). To do so, the beveled washer must be properly oriented in the assembled joint. The

square or rectangular shape simplifies proper orientation during installation.

5.Name three methods for setting a column base to proper elevation

The use of a leveling plate, leveling nuts, and shim stacks are three alternatives. These and other

methods are discussed in greater detail in the AISC LRFD Manual of Steel Construction, beginning

on page 11-54

6.What is the definition of “backgouging”?

According to AWS D1.1.-2000, backgouging is “the removal of weld metal and base metal from

the weld root side of a welded joint to facilitate complete fusion and complete joint penetration

upon subsequent welding from that side

7.What is a “batten plate”?

A batten plate is a plate element used to rigidly join two parallel components of a built-up

column, girder, etc. designed to transfer shear between each component.

8.Explain about purlin?

A horizontal longitudinal member that rests on the top chords of a roof truss or girder to support

the roof..

9.Explain about girt?

A horizontal member in the side or end of a building used to support side covering.

10.Explain about sweep & Camber with sketches?

Camber: A comparatively flat vertical curve placed in a truss,beam or girder to counter act a part

of deflection.

Sweep: A comparatively flat vertical curve placed in a truss,beam or girder induced through

cold bending or by the application of heat.

11.Explain about E-Plans?

A drawing consisting of line diagrams representing framing in plan,elevation,section etc to

which are added principal dimensions,erection marks,notes and, when required,enlarged details,thus

providing the erector with sufficient information to place the members in the structure.These

drawings donot normally show the erection scheme,schedule,rigging devices,temporary

supports,safety devices etc.

12.When Grout Holes Are Required in Base Plate?

Grout holes are used when the base plate is 2'-0".

13.Caliculate the length of anchor bolt ?

Dia of rod ¾,Grout thk2”,Base plate thk 1”3/4

length of anchor rod = embed+projection

= (12d)+(Gt+BPt+2d+1/2)

= 12(3/4) + 2 + 1 ¾ + 2(3/4) + ½

= 4'-2"3/4.

14. What diameter hole is currently recommended in a base plate for a 1” diameter anchor

rod?

113/16 inch diameter. The current recommendations for anchor rod holes in base plates are

listed in Table 14-2 of the 3rd edition LRFD Manual. These hole sizes have been increased from the

earlier ASD editions to provide for better harmonization with actual performance of other trades in

setting anchor rods.

15.What does the acronym FCAW-S stand for?

Flux-cored arc welding—selfshielded.From Annex B of AWS D1.1-2000: a flux cored arc

welding process

16.What are two basic types of camber?

Two basic types of camber are natural mill camber and induced camber

17. What is a faying surface?

According to the glossary of the 2004 RCSC Bolt Specification (a free download from

www.boltcouncil.org),“faying surface” is defined as the plane of contact between two plies of a

joint.

18.What material type is commonly specified for floor plate?

ASTM A786 is the standard specification for rolled steel floor plates

19).Which is the proper specification of the material: “ASTM A992 grade 50” or

“ASTM A992”?

Because ASTM A992 is a 50 ksi material only, it is properly specified as “ASTM

A992”.

20.Which type of brace is commonly referred to as a “Chevron” brace?

inverted V-brace

21.What is AESS?

AESS stands for Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel. AISC Code of Standard

Practice Section 10 covers fit, finish, and other related requirements for

steel that is designated in the contract documents as AESS. Structural steel can

be designated as AESS when the desired architectural effect or appearance of

exposed structural steel is such that the additional cost of more stringent

tolerances and preparation is justified.

22.What is a snug-tight bolted joint?

According to the glossary of the bolt spec, a snug-tight joint is one in which the

bolts have been installed in accordance with Section 8.1. The snug-tightened

condition is the tightness that is attained with a few impacts of an impact wrench

or the full effort of an ironworker using an ordinary spud wrench to bring the plies

into firm contact.

23.What is a W530x66?

W530x66 is the metric designation for a W21x44. The nominal depth of a

W21x44 is 530 mm, and its weight is 66 kg/m. The metric equivalents

of all U.S. Structural steel shapes,

24.What is first bolt distance for W8 beam connection?

2 1/2" inch

25.Commonly used Shear tab thickness ?

3/8" thk

What is steel detailng?

 

• DETAILING

A steel detailer is a person who produces detailed drawings for steel fabricators and steel erectors. The detailer prepares detailed plans, drawings and other documents for the manufacture and erection of steel members (columns, beams, braces, trusses, stairs, handrails, joists, metal decking, etc.) used in the construction of buildings, bridges, industrial plants, and non building structures. A steel detailer's projects are usually commercial, residential, public, industrial or municipal; low-rise residential projects..

Tekla Interview Questions-TEST PAPER-1

 1. Write Types of Anchor Rod’s and its material Grade with sketches.

A. Types of anchor rod:-

1.Threaded anchor rod.

2. Hooked anchor rod.

3. Metal sleeve anchor rod.

4. Bolted anchor rod.

Material specification for anchor rods is ASTM1554 which is available in grades 36,55

and 105

2.Caliculate Minimum embedded Length for ¾ dia anchor Rod as per AISC?

A. Embedded Length for anchor Rod

=12 x diameter of anchor rod

Minimum embedded Length for ¾ dia anchor Rod

= 12 x ¾

= 9”

3. Explain ‘k’ Value.

A. k= vertical distance from outer face of flange to web toe of fillet

4. Explain about Joist.

A. joist is a structural load carrying member with an open web system which supports floor

and roof utilizing hot-rolled (or) cold-formed steel and is designed as a simple span

member.

Ex:-

16K5

where

16-nominal joist depth at mid span.

k- series or type of joist.

5- chord size of the joist.

5. Write Abbreviations for below mentioned.

a. ASCE- AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.

b. ASTM-AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS.

c. AESS -ARCHITECTURALLY EXPOSED STRUCTURAL STEEL.

d. MBMA -METAL BULIDING MANFACTURE ASSOCATIE.

e. RCSC -RESEARCH COUNCIL FOR STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS.

f. LRFD-LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN.

g. SSPC -STRUCTURAL STEEL PAINTING COUNSIL.

h. AWS -AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY.

i. PJP -PART JOINT PENETRATION.

j. CJP -COMPLETE JOINT PENETRATION.

6. Draw Field Weld Symbol.

7. Explain about Mill Tolerence.

A. “Mill tolerances are those variations that could be present in the product as-delivered from the

rolling mill. These tolerances are given as follows:

1. For structural shapes and plates, see ASTM A6.

2. For HSS, see ASTM 500 (or other applicable ASTM specification for HSS).

3. For steel pipe, see ASTM A53.” It is very important to consider mill tolerances during

detailing and fabrication. In some cases of complicated connections it is even advisable to

check actual shapes prior to fabrication

8. Write minimum Hole to Hole Dimension.

A. Minimum hole to hole dimension is 3d.

9. Explain About Backing bar.

A. A welding aid used to prevent melting through of a joint when preforming

ex:- complete-joint penetration groove weld.

Backing bar are used in the shop if back side of the groove is not accessiable. Field weld

will usually requires a backing bar at full penetration weld as they do not always have AIR

ARC equipment, and they are also used to prevent overhead welding to make the back

weld.

10. Write Different Types of Bolt Grades.

A. Bolts Grades:-

1. High-strength, convential bolts - A325

A490.

2. High- strength, twist-off type

tension-control bolts - F1852

F2280.

3. Common bolts - A307 .

11. Explain Difference between X and N Type Bolts.

A. X-type bolts:-

Threads excluded in the shear plane.

N-type bolts:-

Threads included in the shear plane

12. Explain About DTI’s.

A. DTI means Direct tension indicator a deformation calibrated washer used for the installation

of high strength bolts.

STEEL DETAILING INDUSTRY- WHAT ARE THE INPUTS AND OUTPUTS?

 INPUTS FROM CLIENT TO DO PROJECT.

1.DESIGN DRAWINGS

    a. Structural drawing

    b. Arch drawings.

    c. Mechanical drawings.

    d. Civil drawings.

    e. Electrical drawings.

    f. Plumbing drawings.

    g. joist drawings.

    h.Elevator drawings

     i.Connection design

     J.Specifications.

     k. scope of project.

OUTPUTS TO CLIENT FROM OUR END.

1.Advance bill of materials

2.Anchor bolt plan(GA).

3.Embed plan(GA)

4.Framing plans(GA)

5.section details(GA)

6.Misc plans(GA)

7.shop drawings.

8.Part drawings or gather sheets.

9.Reports

    a.Fabtrol reports

    b.Drawing reports.

    c.Mis file

    d.Cad drawings.

    e. Nc and DXF files.

     f. Outgoing log

     G.Transmittal

BASICS-TO LEARN EDITING.

 

EDITING BASIC TRAINING

                 1.     Awareness of Tekla versions to open model

                 2.     Study the fabricator standard sample drawings.

             3.     Types of Drawings (Assembly, Multi drawings, Part & GA)

             4.       Change of drawing layouts (11x17 & 24x36).

             5.      Dimensioning and text height.

             6.     Scale setup before detailing

             7.       Creation of sections and Details.

             8.      View properties and drawing properties.

             9.     Welding symbols

             10.    Symbol creation and modification.

             11.      Cad drawing import to Tekla.

             12.    Print setup.

             13.    Piece marks.

1.     Awareness of Tekla :-

Previously we are detailing in AutoCAD manually. At that time detailing  will take lot of time . After Tekla Software came detailing time should be drastically down. 

  Before open the model check the Tekla version and also check the model whether it is in single or multi user model. Save the drawings & model regularly, while doing and  coordinate with your team to avoid drawing conflicts.

2.     Study the fabricator standard sample drawings :-

Before going to start the editing, check the Fabricator Standards or Sample drawings that the Fabricator sent. For Example: Dimensioning, Txt Styles, Elevations, Orientation marks, RD., Set backs, Bevels or Angles, Cope cuts etc.

                                3.     Explain Types of Drawings (Assembly, Multi drawings, Part & GA) :-

                                      Check the format of drawing layout. i.e. Whether it is Multi sheet layout or                                                      assembly  layout. Drawing layout will depend on client standard.

                                   8x11-single part layout.

                                  11x17-Assembly layout 

                                24x36 -Multi layout ,Erection plan layout

                                 4.Dimensioning and text height :-

While doing the detailing check the Client Standards for Dimensioning and Text heights. For fast editing we have to save the sample dimensions like RD, Standard, Bevel, and Angle. For text placement also we have to save the text, like FOR APPROVAL, Ref. Drawings, Verify & confirm notes.

5. Scale setup before detailing :-

While doing the Shop drawing editing we have to set that assembly parts covers in the drawing layout. General scale factor for shop drawings are 12. 

In that shop drawings some sections and details are also required for that  scale factor will be 6&4.

For editing GA (General Arrangement) drawings generally we will maintain scale as128. For GA drawings we have to show the bolting sections and field weld condition details. For that sections we are maintaining generally used scale is 24, 48 depending upon clarity.

7.     Creation of sections and Details:-

While doing the Shop Drawing editing, We need to show shop weld sections, bolt gage sections and plate offset sections etc.   

For GA sheets also we have to show enlarged sections and details for clarity purpose. In that sections / details we have to show field welds, bolting information etc.

8. View properties and drawing properties:-

We have to set the view properties like scale and if the assembly is out side the boundary  we have to minimize cut part length.

We can change the drawing properties like Name, Title and in User defined Attributes we can change Drawn By, Checked By, and Checked Date etc.

And In User Defined Attributes we have to enter Drawing Notes like surface preparation and Paint specification.

9. Welding symbols:-

Welding symbols need to be refer on design drawing or else coordinate with checker to finalize the weld.

                   

MATERIAL GRADES

 W-A992 GR.50

CHANNELS,PLATES, ANGLES-A36

HSS-A500GR.B

PIPE-A53GR.B

ANCHOR ROD-F1554GR.36/GR.55

STUD-A108

NUT-A563

WASHER-F436

HIGH STRENGTH GRADE-A572-GR.50

WT-A992

STRUCTURAL SHAPES

 

Types of Structural Shapes

 

      W Shape

      M Shape

      S Shape

      HP Shape

      WT and ST shapes

      Channels

      Angles

      HSS Shapes

      Plates

      Pipes

W-Shapes

 

•         Called the wide flange shapes.

•         W Shapes have essentially parallel inner and outer flange surfaces.

•         Mainly used for columns and beams.

•         For example these members are represented as W10x22 where "W" represents Wide flange,"10" represents approximate beam depth in inches and "22" represents specific weight in lbs i.e.  W10x22 weighs 22lbs/ft.

•         The Maximum length of W-shape as per OSHA need to be 40 feet, any length more than 40 feet needs to be clarified with client.

W-shapes are available from size of W4 to W44

M-Shapes

   M-Shapes are similar to W-shapes but the only difference is that M-shape has narrow flanges.

      The use of these shapes is very limited.         

      M shapes are designated as M12x10 where 12 is nominal depth in inches and 10 is specific weight in lbs/feet. 

S Shape

 

•         These are called as American standard beam,

•         This is the first section rolled in America, but today they are not used for beams and columns,

•         They are used for special applications like Monorail and Crain hoist.

•         It has a slope of approximate 2 on 12 on inner flange.

S-shapes are represented for example as S24x121 where 24 stands for nominal depth and 121 is specific weight in pounds (lbs) per feet

HP Shapes

 

•         This is similar to W-shape the difference is only that the web thickness is equal to flange thickness and the depth and flange width is nominally equal for a given designation.

•         It is mostly used for bearing piles. (Piling in foundation).

•         HP shapes are represented for example as HP14 x117   14 is nominal depth and 117 is specific weight in lbs per feet

WT and ST Shapes

•         WT Shapes :These are half of W sections :

•         ST Shapes: These are half of S section

•         WT shapes are designated for example as WT6x20 where 6 are the nominal depth and 20 represents specific weight in lbs i.e.  WT6x20  weighs 20lbs/ft 

C and MC Shapes Channels

•         C-Shapes are primarily called as American standard channel

•         Channels have a web and two tapering flanges; C shape has slop of 2 on 12 on inner flange surface.

•         Used mainly for stair stringers, platforms and many other miscellaneous locations.

•         MC shapes (Miscellaneous channel shapes is similar to C shape only difference being width of channel and the slope.

Channels are represented for example as C15x50 where 15 is channel depth and 50 is specific weight in pound per feet

L- Shapes (Angles)

•         Angles have horizontal and vertical legs at right angle (90 degree).

•         The legs may be of equal or unequal length.

•         Angles are represented for example as L8x4x1/4 .where 8 and 4 represents length of leg from back of angle and 1/4 represents the angle thickness.

 

HSS Shapes

•         Designated as HSS .its manufactured by electric arc or submerged arc welding

•         Used for aesthetical interest structures also used for columns, beams, bracings and truss components.

•      HSS comes in square, rectangular and circular cross sections.

•      It’s represented for example as HSS 10x12x1/4, where 10 and 12 are the HSS sides and 1/4 is its thickness, all in fractions. Round HSS is designated as HSS10.000x0.500 where 10.000 is  nominal outside diameter in inches and 0.500 is nominal wall thickness, all in 3 decimal places.

 

Plates

•         Plate or bar materials are differentiated by their width         

•         Flat stock with width less than or equal to 8” are called as bar, and more than 8” width are called as plates, Refer Table 2-2 for clear distinguish.

•         Plates are rolled in between horizontal rollers and trimmed to length and width by shearing or thermal cutting on edges.

•         Plate thickness is available in increments of 1/16 up to 3/8”, over 3/8 to 1” thickness available in increments of 1/8 and above 1” thickness plate is available in increments of 1 / 4”.

•         The maximum available plate length is 20’-0” and width is 200 inches.

Plates are designated as PL ½” x4 ½” x 1’-3” where ½ “is the plate thickness, 4 ½” is plate width and 1’-3” is the plate length

Pipes

•         Pipes have essentially round cross sections.

•         Pipes are designated with nominal diameter, for eg Pipe 5 Std. denotes, nominal pipe diameter of 5” and 0.258” wall thickness.

•         Pipes are also designated with weight class as x-strong and xx-strong.

•         Pipes are used for handrails and stair rails.