IMPORTANT TABLES TO BE FOLLOWED WHILE CHECKING DRAWINGS.

 1.ANCHOR BOLT 14-2 TABLE.

2.EDGE DISTANCES CHART?

3.HOLE DIA CHART?

4.ENCROCHMENT CHART?

5.MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM NUMBER OF BOLTS?

6.ANGLE GAGES?

7.GAGES FOR WF BEAMS?

8.WELDING CHART?

9.WRENCH CLEARENCE CHART?

OSHA REQUIREMENTS AND RULES

 

 OSHA REQUIREMENTS

BASE PLATE :

• BASEPLATE NEED TO HAVE MINIMUM 4 ANCHOR BOLTSA

• USAGE OF LEVELING NUT OR LEVELING PLATE SHOULD BE DISCUSSED WITH ERECTOR

• DETAILER SHOULD REFER TO DESIGN DRAWINGS TO PROVIDE OVERSIZED HOLES IN BASE PLATE ,IF INFORMATION MISSING THEN WE NEED TO REFER TABLE C-J9.1 AND 14.2 OF AISC BOOK.

COLUMN

• COLUMN SPLICE SHOULD BE AT 4'-0 FROM FINISHED FLOOR 

 

•  ALL PERIMETER COLUMNS SHOULD HAVE SAFETY HOLES FOR WIRE GUARD RAIL ONE AT 1'-9 FROM FINISHED FLOOR AND SECOND AT 3'-6 FROM FINISHED FLOOR

 

•  ALL COLUMNS SHOULD BE PROVIDED WITH LIFTING HOLE SPECIALLY TIER COLUMNS,NORMALLY LIFTING HOLE DIA IS 2'-0.

 

•     ALL COLUMNS SHOULD HAVE CORRECT ORIENTATION MARK TO ERECT THE COLUMN.

• EXTENDED SHEAR TAB CONNECTION TO BE FOLLOWED WHERE BOLT ACCESS IS BLOCKED BY FLANGES.       

BEAM:

• MINIMUM OF TWO BOLTS REQUIRED AT EACH END OF BEAM FOR ERECTIO

• D/2 RULE TO BE SATISFIED AT EACH CONNECTION TO SATISFY REQUIRED LOADS

• ALL DOUBLE ANGLE CONNECTIONS AT COLUMN WEB OR BEAM WEBMUST HAVE STAGGERED CLIP ANGLES OR A BEAM SEAT  OR A TOP FLANGE CLIP ANGLE .WHEN NOT POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE SAFETY CONNECTIONS THE DETAILER SHOULD ADD A NOTE OF WARNING  TO THE ERECTOR ON EPLANS.

JOISTS:

• IF JOIST SPAN  MORE THAN 40'-0  THEN WE SHOULD BE PROVIDED WITH 2 ERECTION BOLTS

• VERTICAL STABILZER PLATE NEED TO BE PROVIDED, THIS PLATE SHOULD BE OF MINIMUM 6"X6"  AND 3" BELOW THE BOTTOM OF JOIST, WITH 13/16DIA HOLE FOR GUYING OR PLUMBING CABLES.

DECK :

• DECK SUPPORT MAY BE REQUIRED AT DECK CUTOUTS NEAR BEAM TO BEAM OR BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTIONS,REFER DESIGN DRAWING OR THE CLENT FOR PREFERRED METHOD

SNAGGING HAZARDS:

• AVOID SHARP CORNERS.

 

CONNECTIONS:

• USE BEARING CONNECTIONS AND AVOID HANGING CONNECTIONS.

TRIPPING HAZARDS:

• ANY CONNECTIONS OR OBSTRUCTIONS SHOULD BE AVOIDED ON TOP OF BEAM OR JOIST.

FALL PROTECTION:

• MULTISTORAGE STRUCTURE REQUIRES GUARD RAIL CABLES AT FLOOR PERIMETER ,INTERIOR OPENINGS  AND ROOF OPENINGS.THIS PROTECTION SUPPORT SHOULD BE AGREED UPON PRIOR TO COMENCEMENT OF DETAILING.

ERECTION AID:

• FOR FIELD WELDS OF TUBES OR BRACINGS ,WE NEED TO PROVIDE ERECTION BOLT OR ERECTION ANGLE FOR SUPPORT

WHAT IS TEKLA & STEEL DETAILING?

TEKLA means building inormation modelling software used in building and construction industries for steel,concrete and precast detailng.

Types of versions in tekla.

17.0,

17.1,

18.0,

18.1,

19.0,

19.1,

20.0,

20.1,

21.0,

21.1.

TEKLA 2017,TEKLA 2018,TEKLA 2019,TEKLA 2020.

WHAT ARE THE ENVIORNMENTS IN TEKLA?

US IMPERIAL,US METRIC,UK,INDIAN.

FOR US WE WILL USE US IMPERIAL.

WHAT ARE THR ROLES IN TEKLA?

 STEEL DETAILING

 CASTING,

ENGINEERING

WHO WILL DO PROJECT IN TEKLA ?

DETAILER,

MODELER

CHECKER

STEEL DETAILNG?

THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING DESIGN DRAWING IN TO  SHOP & FIELD DRAWINGS IS KNOWN AS STEEL DETAILING.

 HOW PROCESS WILL START?

What are the responsblies of detailer?

1.HE NEED TO EDIT SHOP DRAWINGS & ERECTION DRAWINGS WITH RESPECTIVE TO DESIGN DRAWINGS IN AN UNDERSTANDING MANNER.

what are the responsiblies of modeler?

HE NEED TO CONSTRUCT THE BUILDING IN 3D VIEW WITH RESPECTIVE 

TO DESIGN DRAWINGS IN AN UNDERSTANDING MANNER.

What are the responsibilities of checker?

He need to check and correct the errors of detailer and modeler with respective to design drawings.

He need to coordinate with detailer and modeler to achieve desired output.

*************************************************************************PLEASE MENTION YOURS COMMENTS AND SUPPORT ME FOR FURTHER

UPDATES.

MOMENT SPLICE CONNECTIONS (STEEL DETAILING & TEKLA)

 1.DRAW FLANGE PLATED SPLICE MOMENT CONNECTIONS?

                                  FLANGE PLATED SPLICE MOMENT CONNECTIONS.

 

DIRECTLY WELDED MOMENT SPLICE CONNECTION

What is steel detailng?

 

• DETAILING

A steel detailer is a person who produces detailed drawings for steel fabricators and steel erectors. The detailer prepares detailed plans, drawings and other documents for the manufacture and erection of steel members (columns, beams, braces, trusses, stairs, handrails, joists, metal decking, etc.) used in the construction of buildings, bridges, industrial plants, and non building structures. A steel detailer's projects are usually commercial, residential, public, industrial or municipal; low-rise residential projects..

STEEL DETAILING INDUSTRY- WHAT ARE THE INPUTS AND OUTPUTS?

 INPUTS FROM CLIENT TO DO PROJECT.

1.DESIGN DRAWINGS

    a. Structural drawing

    b. Arch drawings.

    c. Mechanical drawings.

    d. Civil drawings.

    e. Electrical drawings.

    f. Plumbing drawings.

    g. joist drawings.

    h.Elevator drawings

     i.Connection design

     J.Specifications.

     k. scope of project.

OUTPUTS TO CLIENT FROM OUR END.

1.Advance bill of materials

2.Anchor bolt plan(GA).

3.Embed plan(GA)

4.Framing plans(GA)

5.section details(GA)

6.Misc plans(GA)

7.shop drawings.

8.Part drawings or gather sheets.

9.Reports

    a.Fabtrol reports

    b.Drawing reports.

    c.Mis file

    d.Cad drawings.

    e. Nc and DXF files.

     f. Outgoing log

     G.Transmittal

MATERIAL GRADES

 W-A992 GR.50

CHANNELS,PLATES, ANGLES-A36

HSS-A500GR.B

PIPE-A53GR.B

ANCHOR ROD-F1554GR.36/GR.55

STUD-A108

NUT-A563

WASHER-F436

HIGH STRENGTH GRADE-A572-GR.50

WT-A992

STRUCTURAL SHAPES

 

Types of Structural Shapes

 

      W Shape

      M Shape

      S Shape

      HP Shape

      WT and ST shapes

      Channels

      Angles

      HSS Shapes

      Plates

      Pipes

W-Shapes

 

•         Called the wide flange shapes.

•         W Shapes have essentially parallel inner and outer flange surfaces.

•         Mainly used for columns and beams.

•         For example these members are represented as W10x22 where "W" represents Wide flange,"10" represents approximate beam depth in inches and "22" represents specific weight in lbs i.e.  W10x22 weighs 22lbs/ft.

•         The Maximum length of W-shape as per OSHA need to be 40 feet, any length more than 40 feet needs to be clarified with client.

W-shapes are available from size of W4 to W44

M-Shapes

   M-Shapes are similar to W-shapes but the only difference is that M-shape has narrow flanges.

      The use of these shapes is very limited.         

      M shapes are designated as M12x10 where 12 is nominal depth in inches and 10 is specific weight in lbs/feet. 

S Shape

 

•         These are called as American standard beam,

•         This is the first section rolled in America, but today they are not used for beams and columns,

•         They are used for special applications like Monorail and Crain hoist.

•         It has a slope of approximate 2 on 12 on inner flange.

S-shapes are represented for example as S24x121 where 24 stands for nominal depth and 121 is specific weight in pounds (lbs) per feet

HP Shapes

 

•         This is similar to W-shape the difference is only that the web thickness is equal to flange thickness and the depth and flange width is nominally equal for a given designation.

•         It is mostly used for bearing piles. (Piling in foundation).

•         HP shapes are represented for example as HP14 x117   14 is nominal depth and 117 is specific weight in lbs per feet

WT and ST Shapes

•         WT Shapes :These are half of W sections :

•         ST Shapes: These are half of S section

•         WT shapes are designated for example as WT6x20 where 6 are the nominal depth and 20 represents specific weight in lbs i.e.  WT6x20  weighs 20lbs/ft 

C and MC Shapes Channels

•         C-Shapes are primarily called as American standard channel

•         Channels have a web and two tapering flanges; C shape has slop of 2 on 12 on inner flange surface.

•         Used mainly for stair stringers, platforms and many other miscellaneous locations.

•         MC shapes (Miscellaneous channel shapes is similar to C shape only difference being width of channel and the slope.

Channels are represented for example as C15x50 where 15 is channel depth and 50 is specific weight in pound per feet

L- Shapes (Angles)

•         Angles have horizontal and vertical legs at right angle (90 degree).

•         The legs may be of equal or unequal length.

•         Angles are represented for example as L8x4x1/4 .where 8 and 4 represents length of leg from back of angle and 1/4 represents the angle thickness.

 

HSS Shapes

•         Designated as HSS .its manufactured by electric arc or submerged arc welding

•         Used for aesthetical interest structures also used for columns, beams, bracings and truss components.

•      HSS comes in square, rectangular and circular cross sections.

•      It’s represented for example as HSS 10x12x1/4, where 10 and 12 are the HSS sides and 1/4 is its thickness, all in fractions. Round HSS is designated as HSS10.000x0.500 where 10.000 is  nominal outside diameter in inches and 0.500 is nominal wall thickness, all in 3 decimal places.

 

Plates

•         Plate or bar materials are differentiated by their width         

•         Flat stock with width less than or equal to 8” are called as bar, and more than 8” width are called as plates, Refer Table 2-2 for clear distinguish.

•         Plates are rolled in between horizontal rollers and trimmed to length and width by shearing or thermal cutting on edges.

•         Plate thickness is available in increments of 1/16 up to 3/8”, over 3/8 to 1” thickness available in increments of 1/8 and above 1” thickness plate is available in increments of 1 / 4”.

•         The maximum available plate length is 20’-0” and width is 200 inches.

Plates are designated as PL ½” x4 ½” x 1’-3” where ½ “is the plate thickness, 4 ½” is plate width and 1’-3” is the plate length

Pipes

•         Pipes have essentially round cross sections.

•         Pipes are designated with nominal diameter, for eg Pipe 5 Std. denotes, nominal pipe diameter of 5” and 0.258” wall thickness.

•         Pipes are also designated with weight class as x-strong and xx-strong.

•         Pipes are used for handrails and stair rails.

STEEL COMPONENTS_DEFINITIONS

 

 

Beam

•         A structural member, usually horizontal, whose main function is to carry loads transverse to its longitudinal axis. These loads usually cause bending of the beam member

Types of Beam

•     Simple beam (beam supported at both ends)
•     Continuous beam (more than two spans)
•     Cantilever beam (overhang beams)

INTRODUCTION TO SKEWED, SLOPED, CANTED AND CURVED BEAMS

SKEW BEAM

The condition when two members come together at an angle which is not 90 degrees or perpendicular to each other in plan view.

 SLOPE BEAM

A Beam that is inclined with reference to a horizontal position in elevation of the structure. The ends of the beam are at different elevations.

 CANTED BEAM

A beam perpendicular to the face of a supporting beam, but rotated so its flanges are tilted with respect to those of the support, is said to be canted

 SLOPE AND SKEW BEAM

    When a beam inclines in two or more directions with respect to the axis of its supporting member, it is said to be skewed and sloped beam or Hip and Valley beam.

 CURVED BEAM

          With modern specialized bending and shaping equipment, the architect now has a great deal of flexibility to design with curved steel members whether it be for arches, domes or special accent features.

Girders

—  A main horizontal, primary structural member spanning between two main supports which carries other members or vertical loads.

—  Girders are widely used for medium and large spans when a flat or low-pitched roof is required. Roof girders are basically used to carry purlin which supports the roof coverings. The main features of this roof are to reduce the roof volume. 

Column

     Column is a relative long vertical or near-vertical member whose primary function is to carry compressions loads parallel to its longitudinal axis

Bracing

A series of diagonals placed between main members to resist wind  or other lateral  forces. There are two types of bracing

1.Vertical bracing2.Horizontal bracing

Trusses

Trusses are basically large structural members and are designed for specific needs of a building. Usually used where the span is more without any intermediate support.

Trusses are generally made from straight section arranged and fastened together in triangular form to ensure structural stability.

Conventional steel trusses may be bolted or welded completely in the fabricating shop. If they are too large when transport, the trusses are made in two halves with the necessary connecting plates and provision for attaching connecting members

Joist

A joist, in architecture and engineering, is light weight horizontal supporting members that run from of wood, steel etc

  wall to wall, wall to beam or beam to beam, to support a ceiling, roof (or floor). It may be made

 

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF STEEL STRUCTURES.

 ADVANTAGES.

—  Steel roof structures do not need complicated formwork, these not only save time but also money. The use of precast concrete prefabricated units can overcome these problems but it lead to other problem, such as heavy dead weight, difficult to transport.

—  Steel roof structures give architects greater freedom of design and can lead to lower cost by prefabrication and standardization of component parts. Their use simplifies and speeds up erection on site.

—  They are light in weight but high in strength.

 DISADVANTAGES

—  Complexity of design calculation

—  Higher maintenance cost than concrete roof because corrosion is possible.

—  Prefabricated steel elements are large in size and difficult for transport. 

Main Abbreviations in steel detailing

 1.AISC -American institute of steel construction

2.AWS- American welding society

3.AISI- American iron and steel institute

4.ASTM- American society for testing material

5.AASHTO-American association of state highway and transportation officials

6.AESS- Architecturally exposed structural steel

7.ASME-American society of Mechanical engineers

8.RCSC-Research council of structural connections

9.OSHA- Occupational safety and health administration

10.SJI-Steel joist institute

11.SSPC- Structural steel painting council (society of protective coating)

12.EOR-Engineer of record

13.IFA-Issue for approval

14.BFA-back from approval

15.IFC- Issue for construction

16.GC -general contractor

17.Kip- Kilo pound

18.RFI-Request for information

19.LRFD-Load resistance factor design

20.ASD -Allowable stress design

21.SSL-Short slot

22.LSL-long slot

23.HSS-Hollow structural section

24.LLV-long leg vertical

25.LLH-longer leg horizontal

26.TOF-top of footing

27.TOS-Top of steel

28.FFE-Finished floor Elevation.

29.p/p -point to point

30.c/c - center to center

31.TS-Tubular section

32.SLBB-shorter leg back to back

33.LLBB-Longer leg back to back

34.HVAC-Heat ventilation and air condition

35.RD-Running dimension

36.SC-Slip critical

37.BOM-Bill of material

38.TOG-Top of grating

39.OSL –Outstanding leg

40.EOD-edge of deck

41.EOS- edge of slab

42.FV-Field verify

43.GA –Gauge

44.SLV –Short leg vertical

45.SLH-Short leg horizontal

46.JBE-Joist bearing Elevation

47.FOW-Face of wall

48.GOL-Gauge on angle

49.N/S –Near side

50.F/S – Far side

51.B/S –Both side

52.WP –Work point

53.BOM-Bill of Material

54.CG –Center of gravity

55.SDI –Steel deck institute

56.UNO –Unless noted otherwise

57.THK- Thick

58.TYP-Typical

59.CL –Center line

60.HS bolt –High strength bolts

61.BEV –Bevel

62.NISD - National institute of steel detailing

63.ABM - Advance bill of material

64.GA   - General arrangement / Gauge Material

65.SEOR - Senior engineer of record

66.ANSI - American National standard institute

67.BOBP - Bottom of base plate

68.CMU - Concrete Masonry Unit

69.ASCE - American society of civil engineers