Beam
• A structural member, usually horizontal, whose main function is to carry loads transverse to its longitudinal axis. These loads usually cause bending of the beam member
Types of Beam
- Simple beam (beam supported at both ends)
- Continuous beam (more than two spans)
- Cantilever beam (overhang beams)
INTRODUCTION TO SKEWED, SLOPED, CANTED AND CURVED BEAMS
SKEW BEAM
The condition when two members come together at an angle which is not 90 degrees or perpendicular to each other in plan view.
SLOPE BEAM
A Beam that is inclined with reference to a horizontal position in elevation of the structure. The ends of the beam are at different elevations.
CANTED BEAM
A beam perpendicular to the face of a supporting beam, but rotated so its flanges are tilted with respect to those of the support, is said to be canted
When a beam inclines in two or more directions with respect to the axis of its supporting member, it is said to be skewed and sloped beam or Hip and Valley beam.
CURVED BEAM
With modern specialized bending and shaping equipment, the architect now has a great deal of flexibility to design with curved steel members whether it be for arches, domes or special accent features.
Girders
— A main horizontal, primary structural member spanning between two main supports which carries other members or vertical loads.
— Girders are widely used for medium and large spans when a flat or low-pitched roof is required. Roof girders are basically used to carry purlin which supports the roof coverings. The main features of this roof are to reduce the roof volume.
Column
Column is a relative long vertical or near-vertical member whose primary function is to carry compressions loads parallel to its longitudinal axis
Bracing
A series of diagonals placed between main members to resist wind or other lateral forces. There are two types of bracing
1.Vertical bracing2.Horizontal bracing
Trusses
Trusses are basically large structural members and are designed for specific needs of a building. Usually used where the span is more without any intermediate support.
Trusses are generally made from straight section arranged and fastened together in triangular form to ensure structural stability.
Conventional steel trusses may be bolted or welded completely in the fabricating shop. If they are too large when transport, the trusses are made in two halves with the necessary connecting plates and provision for attaching connecting members
Joist
A joist, in architecture and engineering, is light weight horizontal supporting members that run from of wood, steel etc
wall to wall, wall to beam or beam to beam, to support a ceiling, roof (or floor). It may be made
